Last time, you learned how Japanese interjection and other emotional expressions work, e.g. “あのう、ペンを貸かしてくれない (Excuse me, can you lend me a pen)？” and “成長せいちょうしたもんだ (You are matured).” もの and こと can express really various things, which sometimes confuses learners. In this lesson, we would like to focus on what function the generic nouns: もの and […]
Last time, you learned how particles work to indicate supplementary subordinate clauses, e.g. “先生はiPadを片手に授業をしている (The teacher is holding the class with an iPad in his hand).” Then, if you’d like to add a nuance of surprise like “Wow, the teacher is holding the class with an iPad in his hand!” what should you say? In […]
Last time, you learned compound verbs, e.g. “落おち着ついて今こん後ごのことを考かんがえよう (Let’s calm down and think about things in the future)” and “お茶ちゃを飲のみ干ほした (We drank down a glass of green tea).” By utilizing compound verbs, you can express actions in a more sophisticated way. Then, if you’d like to say, ”Let’s think about things in the future on […]
Last time, you learned how omissions of particles works in conversation, e.g. “バスを降おりる (We will get off the bus),” and “電車でんしゃに乗のる (We will take the train).” Omissions have a very important role in Japanese. Then, if you’d like to express two actions at the same time like “get off of one vehicle and take another” […]
We have entered the parts of speech section again. You have the basic knowledge already and thus we would like to introduce some advanced topics here. If you have difficulty understanding it, please review the related basic grammar. In this lesson, you will learn the concept of omission of particles. How Omissions of Particles Work […]
Last time, you learned how to express various means and standards, e.g. “電でん気きによって車くるまを動うごかしています (I’m moving a car by using electricity),” and “規き制せいに沿そって車くるまを輸ゆ出しゅつしました (I exported a car following the regulations).” The compound particles, which are によって and に沿そって, have a single particle counterpart, で . In this lesson, you will learn some compound particles which don’t […]
Last time, you learned various expressions for space and time, e.g. “８月はちがつをもってアメリカへ帰き国こくします (I will return to the US in August),” and “ボブは１０じゅっ歳さいにしてプログラムを始はじめました (Surprisingly, Bob started programming when he was 10 years old).” They are interchangeable with the particle で, but have more detailed nuances with high formality. In this lesson, we would like to continue […]
Last time, you learned various ways to express reasons, e.g. “地じ震しんによって家いえが壊こわれました (The house was destroyed due to the earthquake),” and “大雨おおあめにつき今日きょうはお休やすみします (We will be closed today due to the heavy rain).” In this lesson, you will learn compound particles which are related to another function of the particle で. How to Express Space and Time […]
Last time, you learned how to express various targets, e.g. “学生がくせいに対たいして厳きびしい質問しつもんをした (I asked students a tough question),” and “教きょう育いくに関かんしての質問しつもんでした (It was a question regarding education).” Compound particles enable you to express detailed nuances with a high level of formality. In this lesson, you will learn ones related to reasons and causation. Compound Particle Counterparts to […]
Japanese Compound Particle Plain Form Polite Form Conjunctive Form Form to Modify Noun End of Sentence に対して に対しまして に対し に対しての / に対する – について につきまして – についての – に関して に関しまして – に関しての / に関する – をめぐって をめぐりまして をめぐり をめぐっての / をめぐる – *にかかわる – – にかかわる – によって によりまして により による よる につき につきまして – […]
